Marine Envenomations: Vertebrates

Envenomations can be caused by marine vertebrates who are equipped with toxin-based defense systems. When you know how to prepare proper first aid, you can hasten recovery and prevent complications.

Flock of stingrays float above the sea floor

Study Update: PFO

If divers test positive for patent foramen ovale (PFO), they may choose to stop diving or take steps to mitigate future risks. A five-year DAN study analyzed those who underwent a closure procedure and those who did not.

Divers With Holes in Their Hearts

Three divers share their stories with their experiences with closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Post-operation, all three divers are back to diving but prove how individualized surgeries and recoveries can be.

Flying After Diving

The results of a 2015 flying-after-diving study were released and left many divers wondering “Should current recommendations be reviewed?”